Module 2: Methods of implementing distance learning

As seen in Module 1, distance learning presents unique challenges for which teachers need to be prepared. These challenges can become major challenges, as distance learning is a completely different environment from face-to-face teaching. Here we will explore the different possible scenarios and combinations of distance learning.

Before starting this module we suggest that you reflect on the following:

• What scenarios are possible in an online class?

• Can an online class be combined with a face-to-face class?

• Can students do both contexts (face-to-face and online) at the same time and in different sessions?

To try to answer these questions we ask ourselves as teachers to better understand online learning and distance learning. The first step is to have a clear understanding of the concepts and educational scenarios.Presented below is an outline outlining distinct scenarios for enhanced clarity, subsequently followed by an in-depth elaboration of each of these scenarios.

First of all, education delivery methods can be categorized into two main approaches: face-to-face, which involves in-person interactions between instructors and students, and non-face-to-face, which encompasses distance or partially distant learning. Non-face-to-face education traditionally took the form of correspondence courses with physical study materials, but in contemporary contexts, it often refers to online learning. This mode allows students to engage with educational content and interact with instructors remotely, providing flexibility in scheduling and location. Within non-face-to-face education, we find several approaches:

• Synchronous Learning: Real-time interaction between instructors and students using tools like video conferencing. Example: Live virtual lectures with interactive discussions. Additionally, a synchronous scenario where some of the students of a group attend face-to-face and some attend online is called Hybrid Learning. Example 1: Due to COVID-19, in some countries there were restrictions on the number of students who could attend face-to-face classes. So, for example, half of the students in a class attended face-to-face and the other half attended online via a camera and microphone in the classroom. In the following session or week, the students alternated. Example 2: Learners attend a lecture synchronously, either in person or online from anywhere in the world thanks to technology.

• Asynchronous Learning: Self-paced learning where students access pre-recorded materials and complete assignments on their schedule. Example: Watching recorded lectures and submitting assignments within a given timeframe.

• Blended Learning (sometimes called Hybrid Learning): Combination of traditional face-to-face instruction and online elements to create a balanced learning experience. Example: Attending in-person classes supplemented by online discussions and activities. A particular and well-known approach of Blended Learning is the Flipped Learning/Classroom: Pre-recorded content is consumed outside of class, and face-to-face class time is devoted to interactive activities and discussions. Example: Watching video lectures at home and participating in group discussions and problem-solving during face-to-face class sessions.